I S K O

Classification System for Knowledge Organization Literature

Originally compiled by Ingetraut Dahlberg [1974; republished in "KO", 20 (1993), n. 4, p. 211-222], as a special application of the principles of her Information Coding Classification, with minor additions by later literature editors G Riesthuis and IC McIlwaine.

Select a class to display literature on the corresponding topic.

 

0  Form Divisions  
 
01  Bibliographies in Classification and Indexing  
011  General Bibliographies  
012  Current Bibliographies  
013  Bibliography of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
014  Bibliography of Universal Classification Systems  
015  Recurring Bibliographies and Holding Lists  
016  Bibliography of Special Classification and Indexing Fields  
017  Bibliography of Special Indexing Systems  
018  Bibliography of Classification Systems and Thesauri in Subject Fields  
019  Bibliography of the Works of Persons  
 
02  Literature Reviews in Knowledge Organization  
021  General Review Articles  
025  Recurring Reviews  
026  Reviews in Special Knowledge Organization Fields  
028  Reviews of Classification and Indexing in Subject Fields  
 
03  Glossaries, Vocabularies, Terminologies in Knowledge Organization  
031  General Glossaries in Knowledge Organization  
032  Glossaries Containing Knowledge Organization Sections  
033  [Free]  
034  Terminology of Universal Systems  
035  [Free]  
036  Terms and Glossaries in Special Knowledge Organization Fields  
037  Terminology of Special Classification and Indexing Systems  
038  Terms and Glossaries in Knowledge Organization Application Fields  
039  [Free]  
 
04  Universal Classification Systems  
041  Library Classifications Systems  
042  Universal Decimal Classification.  
042.1  Universal Decimal Classification. Complete Editions  
042.2  Universal Decimal Classification. Medium Editions. Standard Editions  
042.3  Universal Decimal Classification. Short Editions  
042.5  Universal Decimal Classification. Extensions and Corrections  
043  Dewey Decimal Classifications  
044  Library of Congress Classification  
044.8  Library of Congress Subject Headings  
045  Bliss Bibliographic Classification  
046  Ranganathan's Colon Classification  
047  Library Bibliographical Classification. BBK  
048  Other Universal Classification Systems and Thesauri  
048-1  Classification Systems and Thesauri in Logic, Mathematics and other Formal Sciences  
048-2  Classification Systems and Thesauri in Physics, Chemistry, Electronics, Energy  
048-3  Classification Systems and Thesauri in Astronomy, Geosciences, Geography, Mining  
048-4  Classification Systems and Thesauri in Biological, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Food Sciences, Ecology  
048-5  Classification Systems and Thesauri in Human Biology, Medicine, Psychology, Education, Labour, Sports, Household  
048-6  Classification Systems and Thesauri in the Sociology, Politics, Social Policy, Law, Area Planning, Military Science, History  
048-7  Classification Systems and Thesauri in Economy, Management Science, Mechanical Engineering, Building, Transport  
048-8  Classification Systems and Thesauri in Science of Science, Information Science, Computer Science, Communication Science, Semiotics  
048-9  Classification Systems and Thesauri in Language, Literature, Music, Arts, Philosophy, Religion  
 
05  Periodicals and Serials in Knowledge Organization  
051  Knowledge Organization Journals  
052  Knowledge Organization Newsletters, Bulletins  
053  Serials in Knowledge Organization  
054  Periodicals and Serials for Universal Classification Systems and Thesauri  
055  Periodicals on Special Classification Systems and Thesauri  
056  Periodicals on Special Knowledge Organization Fields  
057  Periodicals With Bearings on Knowledge Organization  
058  Knowledge Organization Periodicals in Special Subject Fields  
 
06  Conference Reports and Proceedings  Listed According to Year, Month and Day(S): 06.93-11-18/19
 
07  Textbooks in Knowledge Organization  Subdivision According to the Outline Notation
07.1  Textbooks on Theoretical Foundations of Knowledge Organization  
07.21  Textbooks on General Questions of Knowledge Organization  
07.23  Textbooks on the Construction of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
07.25  Textbooks on Numerical Taxonomy  
07.3  Textbooks on Classing and Indexing  
07.34  Textbooks on Automatic Classing and Indexing  
07.41  Textbooks on Library Classification  
07.75  Textbooks on Information Retrieval  
07.77  Textbooks for Terminology  
07.81  Textbooks on Applied Indexing  
07.85  Textbooks on Book Indexing  
 
08  Other Monographs in Knowledge Organization  Subdivisions as under 07
08.21  Monographs on General Questions of Knowledge Organization  
08.92  Festschriften for Persons in Knowledge Organization  
 
09  Standards and Guidelines in Knowledge Organization  Subdivisions as under 07
09.01  Bibliographies of Standards and Guidelines  
09.12  Standards on Concepts and Concept Systems  
09.23  Standards for Construction of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
09.38  Standards for Indexes  
 

1  Theoretical foundations and general problems  
 
11  Order and Knowledge Organization  
111  Information science. Knowledge Organization in General. Classification and Indexing theory in General  
112  Structures in General  
113  General Activities in Knowledge Organization  
114  Universal Order  
115  General Order of Objects, Object Orientation  
116  General Order of Subjects  
117  Object Orientation  
118  Problems of Order in Application Fields  
119  Role and Significance of Knowledge Organization  
 
12  Conceptology in Knowledge Organization  
121  Logical and Philosophical Bases of Concepts  
122  Theory of Concepts. Knowledge Structure  
123  Concept Construction. Definitions  
124  Conceptual Models for Knowledge Representation  
125  Basic Concepts. Categories  
126  Kinds of Concepts  
127  Quality Data  
128  Concepts of Certain Subject Fields  
129  Concept Documentation  
 
13  Mathematics in Knowledge Organization  
131  Mathematical theory of Knowledge Organization. Fuzzy Sets. Formal Representation of Concepts  
132  Algebraic Methods of Knowledge Organization  
133  Formalisation and Mathematical Models  
134  Geometrical Methods  
135  Graph-theoretical Methods  
136  Distribution theory and Frequency Studies. Zipf's Law  See also 731
137  Numbers in Knowledge Organization  
138  Mathematical Methods in Subject Fields  
139  Mathematical Methods for Certain Purposes  
 
14  Systems theory in Knowledge Organization. Information Systems  
141  Systems Principles  
142  Typology of Systems  
143  Systems Analysis and Description  
144  Systems Approach, Knowledge Analysis  
145  Decision Support Systems  
146  Level theory, Integrative Levels  
147  Neural Networks  
148  Systems in Specific Fields of Knowledge  
149  Information Management. Knowledge Management  
 
15  Psychology and Knowledge Organization  
151  Psychological Basis of Knowledge Organization  
152  Thought and Memory  
153  Intellectual Work  
154  Concept Formation (Non-Scientific)  
155  Psychology of Knowledge Organization Processes  
156  Cognition and New Knowledge. Knowledge Acquisition  
157  Computerisation of Thought Processes, Knowledge-Based Systems  
158  Psychology of Knowledge Organization in Special Subject Fields  
159  [Free]  
 
16  Science and Knowledge Organization  
161  General Problems  
162  Structure and Interrelationship of Science  
163  Science Methodology  
164  Development of Knowledge and Science  
165  Control of Knowledge, Growth, Knowledge Systems  
166  Structure of Scientific Literature  
167  Contribution of Knowledge Organization to Science Development  
168  Development of Fields of Knowledge  
169  Documentation of Scientific Progress  
 
17  Problems in Knowledge Organization  
171  Knowledge Organization/Classification Problems in General  
172  Problems from Classification Systems  
173  Methodological Problems  
174  Organisational Problems  
175  Problems of Choice of Classification Systems  
176  Problems from New Methods, e.g. Pattern Recognition  
177  Problems from New Technology  
178  Knowledge Organization Problems in Subject Fields. Domain Classification  
179  Trends and Future Tasks in Knowledge Organization  
 
18  Classification and Indexing Research  
181  General Problems  
182  State-Of-the-Art of Classification and Indexing Research in General  
183  Research on Classification and Indexing Methods and Techniques  
184  Research on Classification Systems  
185  Areas for Research, Proposals  
186  Research on New Topics in Classification  
187  Influence from Outside on Classification and Indexing Research  
188  Classification and Indexing Research in Special Subject Fields  
189  Classification and Indexing Research in Certain Countries and Institutions  
 
19  History of Knowledge Organization  
191  History of Knowledge and Library Classification  
192  History of Construction of Classification Systems  
193  History of Indexing and Subject Cataloguing  
194  History of Certain Classification Systems  
195  History of Construction of Thesauri  
196  History of Subjects Related to Knowledge Organization  
197  [Free]  
198  History of Knowledge Organization in Special Subject Fields  
199  History of Knowledge Organization in Certain Countries and Institutions  
 

2  Classification Systems and Thesauri, Structure and Construction  
 
21  General Questions of Classification Systems and Thesauri. Information Languages in General  
211  Theory of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
212  Typology and Characteristics of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
213  Management of Classification Systems and Thesauri, Incl. Computerisation  
214  Thesauri in General, Definition, etc. Ontologies  
215  Characteristics and Kinds of Thesauri  
216  Thesaurus Systems, Integrated Thesauri  
217  Role and Function of Classification Systems and Thesauri. Users and Classification Systems and Thesauri  
218  Use of Classification Systems and Thesauri in Special Environments, e.g. in National Bibliographies  
219  Comparisons between Classification Systems and Thesauri  
 
22  Structure and Elements of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
221  Conceptual Structures of Classification Systems  
222  Components of Classification Systems and Thesauri in General  
223  Vocabulary Selection and Extraction  
224  Hierarchy and Hierarchical Levels. Polyhierarchical Relations  
225  Facets. Faceted Classification. Faceted Thesauri  
226  Descriptors, Keywords, Subject Headings: Properties and Functions  
227  Compound Descriptors, Descriptor Combinations. Strings of Descriptors  
228  Descriptors in Certain Subject Fields  
229  Representation Form of Descriptors. Graphical Form of Descriptors  
 
23  Construction of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
231  Preconditions for Construction  
232  Design Principles for Classification Systems  
233  Methodology for Classification Systems Construction  
234  Linguistic Support of Descriptor Languages  
235  Construction of Thesauri in General  
236  Construction of Thesauri for Special Purposes  
237  Computer Supported Construction of Classification Systems and Thesauri  for Programs see 275/277
238  Classification Systems and Thesauri Construction in Different Natural Languages  in Subject Fields see 5-6
239  Evaluation of thesaurus Construction Work  
 
24  Relationships  
241  General and theoretical Problems of Relationships  
242  Paradigmatic Relationships  for Hierarchical Relations see 224
243  Syntagmatic Relationships  
244  Descriptor Relationships  
245  Roles and Links  
246  Weights  
247  Relational Data Files  
248  Relations in Special Subject Fields  
249  Representation of Relationships  
 
25  Numerical Taxonomy  
251  General and theoretical Problems  
252  Cluster Analysis  
253  Classification Procedures  
254  Hierarchy in Numerical Taxonomy  
255  Pattern Recognition  
256  Place-Related Numerical Taxonomy  
257  Time-Related Numerical Taxonomy  
258  Application of Numerical Taxonomy in Special Subject Fields  
259  Evaluation of Numerical Taxonomy Procedures  
 
26  Notation. Codes  
261  General Problems of Notations  
262  Notational Systems  
263  Code and Notation Development, Construction and Manipulation  
264  Characteristics of Codes  
265  Book Numbers, Call Numbers  
266  Class Numbers, Notation of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
267  Number Systems and Codes for Special Purposes   
268  Notation and Codes in Certain Subject Fields  
269  Evaluation of Notations and Codes  
 
27  Maintenance, Updating and Storage of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
271  Revision Principles  
272  Maintenance of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
273  Methods of Revision and Updating  
274  Revision of Classification Systems and Thesauri in General  
275  Computer Programs for Classifications  
276  Computer Programs for Thesauri  
277  Updating, Maintenance Programs  
278  Storage Problems of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
279  [Free]  
 
28  Compatibility and Concordances between Indexing Languages  
281  Objectives and Nature of Systems Compatibility  
282  Intermediate Languages  
283  Compatibility in Classing and Indexing  
284  Establishment of Concordances  
285  Correlative Indexes. Mapping  
286  Systems Reconciliation, e.g. between Classification Systems and Thesauri, Linking Terms  
287  Organised Compilation of Compatible Classification Systems and Thesauri, Integration  
288  Compatibility in Subject Areas  
289  Evaluation of Compatibility  
 
29  Evaluation of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
291  Principles for Evaluating Classification Systems and Thesauri  
292  Comparison of Classification Systems among each other  
293  Testing and Evaluating the Validity of One Or More Classification Systems and Thesauri  
294  Natural Versus Controlled Languages  
295  Comparative Analysis of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
296  Descriptor Languages Versus Classification Systems  
297  Evaluation of Patent Classification Systems  
298  Evaluation of Classification Systems and Thesauri in Certain Subject Fields  
299  [Free]  
 

3  Methodology of Classing and Indexing  
 
31  Theory of Classing and Indexing (Methodology)  
311  Principles of Classing and Indexing  
312  Methodology of Classing  
313  Methodology of Indexing  
314  Indexing Errors, Constraints  
315  Indexing Characteristics (Depth, Intensity, Objectivity, Etc.)  
316  Indexing on Different Levels of Abstraction  
317  Author and Editor Indexing  
318  Special Purpose Indexing  
319  [Free]  
 
32  Subject Analysis  
321  General Problems of 'Aboutness'. Relevance  
322  Data Analysis and Interpretation  
323  Subject/Information/Knowledge Analysis  
324  Content Analysis - Text Analysis (Sociology)  
325  Facet Analysis  
326  Abstracting  
327  Preparation of Information for Machine Handling  
328  Subject Analysis in Certain Fields  
329  Comparative Analysis of Data and Subjects  
 
33  Classing and Indexing Techniques  
331  Classification and Indexing in General  
332  Classing Methods and Techniques  
333  Indexing Methods  Not Mentioned under 334/337 or 34
334  Co-Ordinate Indexing  
335  Phrase Indexing (in General)  
336  Chain Indexing  
337  PRECIS Indexing  
338  Other Phrase Indexing Methods By Name  
339  [Free]  
 
34  Classing and Indexing  See also 81
341  Theory of (Automatic) Classification and Indexing  
342  Term Values, Discrimination, Precision, Etc.  
343  General, Linguistic and Statistical Methods  
344  Semi-Automatic Methods and Computer-Assisted Indexing. Automatic Indexing, e.g. Semantic Indexing  
345  Permutation Indexing  
346  Thesaurus-Based Automatic Indexing  
347  Automatic Online Indexing  
348  Automatic Classification. Automated Categorisation  
349  Evaluation of Automatic Indexing  
 
35  Manual and Automatic Order Techniques  
351  General and theoretical Problems  
352  Mathematical Basis of File Organization  
353  Generation of Clustered Files. Merging of Files. Consolidation of Files. Recognition of Similar Records  
354  Manual Ordering, Shelving  
355  File Ordering/Organization  
356  Hypermedia, Hypertext, Etc.  
357  Document Structuring, Mark-Up Languages, SGML, Hytime, DSSSL, HTML, XML, SKOS, OWL, Etc.  
358  File Organization in Subject Fields  
359  Evaluation of Manual and Automatic Ordering  
 
36  Coding  
361  General and theoretical Problems  
362  Coding Systems  
363  Coding Methods  
364  Encoding of Index Entries. Triads  
365  Encoding of Catalogue Data. Cutter Numbers  
366  Encoding of Text and Data  
367  Coding of Techno-Economic Data  
368  Coding in Certain Subject Fields  
369  Coding in Bibliographic Records  
 
37  Reclassification  
371  General and theoretical Problems  
372  Parameters of Reclassification  
373  Organization of Reclassification  
374  Administrative Viewpoints  
375  Reclassification to LCC  
376  Conversion to LBC / BBK  
377  Other Reclassification Projects  
378  Reclassification in Subject Areas  
379  [Free]  
 
38  Index Generation and Programs  See also under 85
381  General and theoretical Problems of Index Generation  
382  Special Kinds of Indexes  
383  Manual and Computerised Methods for Index Preparation  
384  Programs for Index Preparation, General  
385  Index Generation Programming Systems  
386  Index Generation Programs, By Name  
387  Programs for other Activities in Classification and Indexing  
388  Index Generation in Subject Fields  
389  Representation Form of Indexes  
 
39  Evaluation of Classing and Indexing  
391  Problems and Principles of Indexing Evaluation  
392  Evaluation Criteria: Consistency, Functional Efficiency, Etc. Recall and Precision  
393  Methods of Evaluation  
394  Evaluation of a Single Classification Systems Application  
395  Evaluation of a Single Indexing System  
396  Comparative Studies of Subject Indexing Systems, Incl. thesaurus Vs Free Indexing  
397  Comparative Studies of Classification Systems Vs Indexing Systems  
398  Comparative Studies of Indexing in Subject Fields  
399  Comparison of Certain Indexes  
 

4  On Universal Classification Systems and Thesauri  
 
41  On Universal Classification Systems and Thesauri in General  
411  Library Classification and Subject Headings in General  
412  Surveys on Existing Universal Systems  
413  Standards for Classifications and Thesauri  
414  Theory and Problems of Library Classification  
415  Specifications for a New Universal Classification System Or thesaurus  
416  [Free]  
417  Problems from Comparative Studies of Universal Classification Systems  
418  Special Topics Treated in Universal Classification Systems  
419  Trends in the Development of Universal Classification Systems  
 
42  On the Universal Decimal Classification  
 
43  On the Dewey Decimal Classification  
 
44  On the Library of Congress Classification   
448  On the Library of Congress Subject Headings  
 
45  On the Bliss Bibliographic Classification  
 
46  On the Colon Classification  
 
47  On the Library Bibliographical Classification  
 
48  On other Universal Classification Systems and Thesauri  
481  On Proposals for Universal Classification Systems and Thesauri  
482  On Classification Systems for General Purposes  
483  On Thesauri and other Devices for General Purposes  
484  On Classification Systems and Thesauri for Archives  
485  On Classification Systems and Thesauri for Libraries, Including Public Libraries. Sears' List of Subject Headings  
486  On Classification Systems and Thesauri for Documentation and Information Services   
487  On Classification Systems and Thesauri for Patents and Standards  Subdivide By Country Codes
488  On Classification Systems and Thesauri for Research and Terminology  
489  On Classification Systems for other Special Purposes (Children, School and Youth Libraries, Public Offices, State Documents, Government Information, etc.)  
 
49  [Free]  
 

5  On Special Objects Classifications (taxonomies)  
 
51  On taxonomies in Logic, Mathematics and other Formal Sciences  
 
52  On taxonomies in Physics, Chemistry, Electronics, Energy  
 
53  On taxonomies in Astronomy, Geosciences, Geography, Mining  
 
54  On taxonomies in Biology, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Food Sciences, Ecology  
 
55  On taxonomies in Human Biology, Medicine, Psychology, Education, Labour, Sports, Household  
 
56  On taxonomies in Sociology, Politics, Social Policy, Law, Area Planning, Military Science, History  
 
57  On taxonomies in Economy, Management Science, Mechanical Engineering, Building, Transportation  
 
58  On taxonomies in Science of Science, Information Science, Computer Science, Communication Science, Semiotics  
 
59  On taxonomies in Language, Literature, Music, Arts, Philosophy, Religion  
 

6  On Special Subjects Classifications and Thesauri  
 
61  On Classification Systems and Thesauri in Logic, Mathematics and other Formal Sciences   
 
62  On Classification Systems and Thesauri in Physics, Chemistry, Electronics, Energy  
 
63  On Classification Systems and Thesauri in Astronomy, Geosciences, Geography, Mining  
 
64  On Classification Systems and Thesauri in Biological, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Food Sciences, Ecology  
 
65  On Classification Systems and Thesauri in Human Biology, Medicine, Psychology, Education, Labour, Sports, Household  
 
66  On Classification Systems and Thesauri in Sociology, Politics, Social Policy, Law, Area Planning, Military Science, History  
 
67  On Classification Systems and Thesauri in Economy, Management Science, Mechanical Engineering, Building, Transport  
 
68  On Classification Systems and Thesauri in Science of Science, Information Science, Computer Science, Communication Science, Semiotics  
 
69  On Classification Systems and Thesauri in Language, Literature, Music, Arts, Philosophy, Religion  
 

7  Knowledge Representation By Language and Terminology  
 
71  General Problems of Natural Language in Relation to Knowledge Organization  
711  Linguistics and Knowledge Organization  
712  Natural Language and Metalanguage  
713  Mathematical and Computational Linguistics, General  
714  Semiotics  
715  Formalisation of Natural Language. Artificial Intelligence. Expert Systems in General  
716  Problems of Structure  
717  Language Universals  
718  Problems of Different Natural Languages  
719  [Free]  
 
72  Semantics  
721  General Problems of Semantics  
722  Word and Sentence Meaning  
723  Semantic Analysis  
724  On Synonyms and other Ambiguities  
725  Semantic Networks and Associations  
726  Semantics of Texts and Languages  
727  Semantics of Data Bases, Memory Systems  
728  Semantics in Subject Fields  
729  [Free]  
 
73  Automatic Language Processing  
731  General and theoretical Problems  See also 136
732  On Language Items for Processing. Natural Query Systems  
733  Methods and Procedures of Natural Language Processing, Parsing, Word Allocation, Co-Occurrences, Etc.  
734  Computer Programs for Automatic Language Processing  
735  Word Truncation, Root, Stem Procedures, N-Grams  
736  File, Text Compression. Automatic Abstracting  
737  Automatic Analysis of Special Natural Languages  
738  Automatic Analysis in Subject Fields  
739  Spoken Document Retrieval. Speech Recognition  
 
74  Grammar Problems  
741  General and theoretical Problems of Grammar  
742  Grammars  
743  Syntactic Analysis and their Algorithms  
744  Grammatical Forms, e.g. of Keywords, Terms, Words  
745  Special Grammatical Problems, e.g. Frames  
746  Generation of Phrases, Syntax Structures  
747  Syntax of Special Natural Languages  
748  Syntax in Special Subject Fields  
749  [Free]  
 
75  On-Line Retrieval Systems and Technologies  
751  General and theoretical Problems. Searching in General. Information Retrieval in General  
752  Dialogue Systems. Interactive Catalogues. On-Line Catalogues. OPAC's  
752.2  Interactive catalogues. On-line catalogues. OPAC's. Z39.50. Web-catalogues  
752.3  Internet gateways. Subject gateways. Access to the Internet  
753  On-Line Access, Query Optimisation, Navigation, Query Expansion, Full Text Searching, Free Text Searching  
754  Programs for On-Line Queries, e.g. for Ranking  
755  Problems of On-Line Systems. Types of Searches, e.g. Boolean Searches, Structured Searches, Probabilistic Searches  
756  Classification and Thesaurus-Based Access. Vertical and Horizontal Portals  
757  Expert Systems in Searching. Search Engines. Intelligent Agents. Routing. SDI. Data Mining. Data Fusion. Collection Fusion. Current Awareness Services  
758  On-Line Systems in Subject Fields. Information Systems in Subject Fields  
759  Evaluation of On-Line Information Retrieval Systems and Techniques  
 
76  Lexicon/Dictionary Problems  
761  General and theoretical Problems  
762  Dictionary Structures  
763  Construction and Updating of Dictionaries  
764  Kinds of Dictionaries, Except the Following  
765  Automatic, Monolingual Dictionaries  
766  Automatic, Multilingual Dictionaries  
767  Data Bases in Dictionary Form  
768  Dictionaries in Subject Fields  
769  [Free]  
 
77  Problems of Terminology  
771  General and theoretical Problems  
772  Form and Designation of Terms and Names  
773  Terminological Work  
773.4  Computer Programs for Terminological Work  
774  Term Systems and Terminological Systems  
775  Classification and Terminology  
776  Terminological Databanks  
777  Country and Language-Oriented Terminological Work  
778  Special Language Research  
779  Contrastive Terminology  
 
78  Subject-Oriented Terminology Work  
78-1  Terminology Work in Logic, Mathematics and other Formal Sciences  
78-2  Terminological Work in Physics, Chemistry, Electronics, Energy  
78-3  Terminological Work in Astronomy, Geosciences, Geography, Mining  
78-4  Terminological Work in Biological, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Food Sciences, Ecology  
78-5  Terminological Work in Human Biology, Medicine, Psychology, Education, Labour, Sports, Household  
78-6  Terminological Work in Sociology, Politics, Social Policy, Law, Area Planning, Military Science, History  
78-7  Terminological Work in Economy, Management Science, Mechanical Engineering, Building, Transport  
78-8  Terminological Work in Science of Science, Information Science, Computer Science, Communication Science, Semiotics  
78-9  Terminological Work in Language, Literature, Music, Arts, Philosophy, Religion  
 
79  Problems of Multilingual and Cross-Language Systems and Translation  
791  General and theoretical Problems  
792  Aspects and Models of Translations  
793  Automatic and Computer-Aided Translation  
794  Translation of Classification Systems and Thesauri  
795  Bilingual Classification Systems and Thesauri  
796  Multilingual Classification Systems and Thesauri  
797  Indexing, Multilingual Systems. Cross-Language Information Retrieval  
798  Translation Problems in Subject Fields  
799  Interlinguistics and Translation  
 

8  Applied Classing and Indexing  
 
81  General Problems, Catalogues, Guidelines, Rules, Indexes  See also 34
811  General Problems of Indexes and Indexers. Subject Indexing in General. Consistency  
812  Alphabetical and Classed Subject Catalogues  
813  Establishment and Maintenance of Subject Catalogues  
814  Manuals, Rules, Codes for Subject Catalogues  
815  Index Specifications  
816  Rules for Good Subject Catalogues and Indexes  
817  Editing and Printing of Indexes  
818  Subject Indexes and Catalogues in Certain Institutions and Countries  
819  Representation Forms of Classification and Indexing  
 
82  Data Classing and Indexing  
82-1  Data Classing and Indexing in Logic, Mathematics and other Formal Sciences  
82-2  Data Classing and Indexing in Physics, Chemistry, Electronics, Energy  
82-3  Data Classing and Indexing in Astronomy, Geosciences, Geography, Mining  
82-4  Data Classing and Indexing in Biological, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Food Sciences, Ecology  
82-5  Data Classing and Indexing in Human Biology, Medicine, Psychology, Education, Labour, Sports, Household  
82-6  Data Classing and Indexing in Sociology, Politics, Social Policy, Law, Area Planning, Military Science, History  
82-7  Data Classing and Indexing in Economy, Management Science, Mechanical Engineering, Building, Transport  
82-8  Data Classing and Indexing in Science of Science, Information Science, Computer Science, Communication Science, Semiotics  
82-9  Data Classing and Indexing in Language, Literature, Music, Arts, Philosophy, Religion  
820  Data Classing and Indexing in General  
 
83  Title Classing and Indexing. Derived Indexing  
831  General Problems  
832  Information Value of Titles  
833  Methodology of Title and Sentence Classing and Indexing  
834  Use of Tables of Contents  
835  Tagging. Folksonomy  
836  Information Value of Terms from Abstracts Or Text  
837  [Free]  
838  Title Indexes in Subject Fields  
839  Title Indexing in Special Institutions  
 
84  Primary Literature Classification and Indexing  Except 85
841  Classification and Indexing of Current Research and Research Reports  
842  Classification and Indexing of Patents, Standards and Similar Documents  
843  Classification and Indexing of Biographies  
844  Classification and Indexing of News and Newspapers Inclusive Prestel/Viewdata, Etc.  
845  Classification and Indexing of Journals and Serials  
846  Classification and Indexing of Theses and Dissertations  
847  Classification and Indexing of Archival Materials  
848  Classification and Indexing of Field-Oriented Primary Documents. Record Management  
849  Classification and Indexing of other Kinds of Primary Documents, Including Software  
 
85  (Back of the) Book Classification and Indexing  See also 38
851  General Problems  
852  Term Or Topic for Entries  
853  Methodology of Book Indexing  
854  Characteristics of Book Indexing  
855  Indexing of Journals  
856  Index Generation of Special Books, e.g. Proceedings  
857  Computerised Book Indexing. Automatic Book Indexing  
858  Book Indexing in Subject Fields  
859  Evaluation of Book Indexing  
 
86  Secondary Literature Classification and Indexing  
861  Classification and Indexing of Encyclopaedias, Manuals, Dictionaries  
862  Classification and Indexing of Bibliographies  
863  Classification and Indexing of Abstracts and Abstracting Journals  
864  Citation Indexing. Distribution of scientific documents (Bradford's Law, Zipf's Law)  
865  Classification and Indexing of Library Catalogues  
866  Establishment of Indexes to Classification Systems in General  
867  Establishment of Indexes to Universal Classification Systems  
868  Establishment of Indexes to Special Classification Systems  
869  Classification and Indexing of other Secondary Literature  
 
87  Classification and Indexing of Non-Book Materials  
871  General Problems, e.g. of Shape. Classification and Indexing of Images in General. Multimedia. Audio-Visual Media  
872  Picture Classification and Indexing, Including Photographs  
873  Microform Classification and Indexing  
874  Slides Classification and Indexing  
875  Video Tape and Film Classification and Indexing  
876  Cartographic Classification and Indexing. Geographical Classification and Indexing  
877  Classification and Indexing of Phonographic Records. Music Scores. Music Instruments  
878  Classification and Indexing of Museum Objects  
879  Classification and Indexing of other Non-Book Materials, e.g. CD-Roms, Internet, E-Mail, Electronic Documents  
 
88  Classification and Indexing in Subject Fields (Manual and With Computers)  Subdivide by ICC fields
88-1  Classification and Indexing in Logic, Mathematics and other Formal Sciences  
88-2  Classification and Indexing in Physics, Chemistry, Electronics, Energy  
88-3  Classification and Indexing in Astronomy, Geosciences, Geography, Mining  
88-4  Classification and Indexing in Biology, Veterinary Science, Agriculture, Food Sciences, Ecology  
88-5  Classification and Indexing in Human Biology, Medicine, Psychology, Education, Labour, Sports, Household  
88-51/4  Classification and Indexing in Medical Sciences  
88-58  Classification and Indexing in Sports and Games  
88-6  Classification and Indexing in Sociology, Politics, Social Policy, Law, Area Planning, Military Science, History  
88-7  Classification and Indexing in Economy, Management Science, Mechanical Engineering, Building, Transport  
88-8  Classification and Indexing in Science of Science, Information Science, Computer Science, Communication Science, Semiotics  
88-9  Classification and Indexing Language, Literature, Music, Arts, Philosophy, Religion  
 
89  Classification and Indexing in Certain Languages  Subdivide By Language Code
 

9  Knowledge Organization Environment  
 
91  Professional and Organisational Problems in General and in Institutions  
911  General Problems, e.g. Sociological Aspects  
912  Professional Questions, e.g. Image, New Professions  
913  Work Descriptions, Etc.  
914  Workstations  
915  Ergonomic Factors in Knowledge Organization   
916  Organization of Work  
917  Transfer of Data, e.g. CD-Roms - Other Databases. Linking of Databases. Consolidation  
918  Problems Concerning the Internet. Metadata. Resource Description Framework (RDF)  See also 945
919  MARC Format for Classification Data. Classification Data in MARC  See also 945
 
92  Persons and Institutions in Knowledge Organization  
921  [Free]  
922  Historical Persons  
923  Comparison of Persons  
924  Contemporaries  
925  Societies, Research Groups  
926  International Societies and Groups  
927  International Institutions  
928  [Free]  
929  Awards in Classification and Indexing  
 
93  Organization of Classification and Indexing on a National and International Level. Shared Classification Indexing. Centralised Classification and Indexing  
931  General Principles. Shared Indexing in General  
932  International Co-Operation and Systems  
933  International Activities  
934  Activities in Europe  Subdivide By Country Code
935  Activities in Asia  
936  Activities in Africa  
937  Activities in America  
938  Activities in Australasia  Added by ICM
939  [Free]  
 
94  Bibliographic Control. Bibliographic Records  
941  Bibliographic Control. Bibliography as Discipline  
942  Cataloguing and Indexing in General  
943  Archival Description. EAD   
944  Bibliographic Records. Functions of Catalogues and Bibliographical Databases. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)  
945  Record Structure. MARC, MARC21, UNIMARC  See also 918 and 919
946  Bibliographic Description. Formal Cataloguing. Cataloguing Rules. ISBD. Automation of cataloguing. RDA   
947  Interface for Bibliographic Records. Displays for Bibliographic or Archival Records  
948  Standard Numbers. ISBN. ISSN. ISMN. ISAN. DOI  
949  Authority control  
 
95  Education and Training in Knowledge Organization  
951  General Problems  
952  Subject, Curricula and Training Programmes  
953  Methodology of Teaching Knowledge Organization  
954  Side Effects of Teaching Knowledge Organization  
955  Teaching Aids  
956  Educational Requirements  
957  Education and Training in Particular Countries  
958  Teaching of Subject-Oriented Classification and Indexing Systems  
959  User Instruction. Teaching of End-Users  
 
96  Policy and Legal Questions, e.g. Copyright of Classification Systems, Copyright of Computer Programs in Classification and Indexing  
 
97  Economics in Knowledge Organization  
971  General Aspects, e.g. Financing  
972  [Free]  
973  Economising Knowledge Organization Work  
974  [Free]  
975  Economic Aspects in Classification Systems Construction  
976  Economic Aspects in Cataloguing  
977  Economic Aspects in Classification and Indexing  
978  Economic Aspects of Publishing Classification Systems  
979  [Free]  
 
98  User Studies  Application of Systems see 218
981  Studies of Users. Use of Libraries, Archives, Internet etc. Readers in General. Information Literacy  
982  Requirements of Users of Catalogues, Bibliographic Databases and Internet (Description, Classification and Indexing. User Interfaces, User Feedback, Search Term Selection)  
983  Use of Certain Classification and Indexing Practices  
984  Use of Classification Systems  
985  Use of Thesauri  
986  Use of Subject Catalogues  
987  Use of Indexing Systems and Methods  
988  Use of Indexes  
989  Use of Classification Systems and Thesauri in Certain Institutions  
 
99  Standardisation in Knowledge Organization Work  
991  General Problems  
992  Standardisation of Terms and Characteristics  
993  Standardisation in Shelving and Organizing Materials  
994  Standardisation of Classification Systems  
995  Standardisation of Thesauri  
996  Standardisation of Subject Catalogues  
997  Standardisation in Indexing  
998  Authority Files. Standardisation of Personal Names. Authority Files for Indexing  
999  [Free]  

 

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